西北干旱区农田管理方式对土壤固碳的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00311

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农田管理方式的合理应用在提升西北干旱地区土壤有机碳（SOC）方面具有巨大潜力。然而，大部分数据来源于单一定位试验，关于全域尺度、多措施协同的提升效应存在不确定性。本研究整合2000年1月至2025年8月发表的112篇文献的697组数据，比较绿肥种植（单作、间作、轮作）、耕作方式（免耕秸秆不还田、免耕秸秆还田、翻耕秸秆还田）与施肥方式（配施、单施化肥、单施有机肥）对土壤有机碳含量的影响，并探讨绿肥品种、作物系统、土壤类型及气候条件等因子的调控作用。结果表明：（1）绿肥种植显著提升SOC，其效应依次为单作>间作>轮作；其中轮作条件下箭筈豌豆与毛叶苕子绿肥对SOC的提升幅度最高，增幅为32.27%和13.44%。（2）耕作的固碳效应表现为免耕秸秆还田>翻耕秸秆还田>免耕秸秆不还田；小麦与玉米秸秆适配翻耕还田，SOC增幅分别为32.67%与25.01%；棉花秸秆适配免耕还田，3种耕作处理固碳效应均随试验年限的增加而增加。（3）施肥措施对SOC的提升效应差异显著，整体表现为有机无机配施>单施有机肥>单施化肥；灰漠土中有机无机肥配施固碳增幅最高，灌漠土中单施有机肥对SOC的提升幅度最高，达48.25%。（4）各气候因子对固碳效应调控作用明显。海拔因子方面，免耕秸秆还田和不还田、有机无机肥配施和单施化肥在500~1 000 m固碳增幅最高；降水因子方面，绿肥间作和单作、翻耕秸秆还田在>180 mm区间固碳增幅最高；单施有机肥的固碳效应随气温的升高而降低。因此，基于区域条件优化绿肥、耕作与施肥管理组合，是实现西北干旱区农田土壤固碳效应最大化的关键途径。

关键词: 西北干旱区, 绿肥, 耕作, 施肥, 有机碳, 整合分析

Abstract:

The rational application of farmland management practices offers significant potential to improve soil organic carbon content in the arid northwest region. However， most data from single-location field experiments. Leaving uncertainty about the synergistic effects of multiple practices at a regional scale. This study conducted a meta-analysis based on 697 datasets from 112 published articles from January 2000 to August 2025， It compared the effects of green manure cropping methods， including monocropping， intercropping， and rotation， as well as tillage practices， such as no-till with straw not returned to the field， no-till with straw returned to the field， and ploughing with straw returned to the field. Additionally， it examined fertilization methods， encompassing Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers， single application of chemical fertilizers， and single application of organic fertilizers， on soil organic carbon content. Furthermore， the study explored the regulatory effects of factors such as green manure varieties， cropping systems， soil types， and climatic conditions. The results showed that ：（1） Green manure cropping significantly enhances soil organic carbon， with the effects observed in the following order： monocroppin >intercropping >crop rotation. Among the rotation systems， common vetch and hairy vetch resulted in the highest increases in SOC， with enhancements of 32.27% and 13.44%， respectively. （2） The carbon sequestration effects of tillage practices are observed in the following order： no-till with straw returned > plowing with straw returned > no-till with straw not returned. The highest SOC increases were observed with wheat and maize straw under plowing， with enhancements of 32.67% and 25.01%， respectively， while cotton straw showed the greatest increase under no-till with straw returned. Furthermore， the carbon sequestration effects of all three tillage treatments increased with the duration of the experimental period. （3） The fertilization treatments showed significant differences in their effects on SOC， with the overall order of efficacy being combined organic and inorganic fertilization > single application of organic fertilizer > single application of chemical fertilizers. In sierozem， the highest increase in carbon sequestration was observed with the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers， while in irragric anthrosols， the greatest enhancement in SOC was achieved with organic fertilization alone， reaching 48.25%. （4） Climatic factors significantly regulate the carbon sequestration effects. Regarding altitude， the highest carbon sequestration increases occur in the 500-1 000 m range with no-till straw returning to the field， as well as with the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers and the single application of chemical fertilizers. In terms of rainfall， the greatest increase in carbon sequestration is observed with intercropping and monoculture of green manure， along with returning straw to the field after ploughing， particularly in areas receiving more than 180 mm of rainfall. Additionally， the carbon sequestration effect of applying organic fertilizer alone diminishes as temperature rises. Therefore， optimizing the combination of green manure， tillage， and fertilization management based on regional conditions is key to maximizing the soil carbon sequestration effect in farmland of the arid Northwest China.

Key words: the arid region of Northwest China, green manure, tillage, fertilization, soil organic carbon, meta-analysis

中图分类号:

任浩奇, 杨荣, 李彤. 西北干旱区农田管理方式对土壤固碳的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(1): 50-62.

Haoqi Ren, Rong Yang, Tong Li. Effects of farmland management practices on soil carbon sequestration in the arid region of Northwest China： a meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(1): 50-62.

图/表 10

图1 文献筛选流程及试验点位分布

Fig.1 Distribution of experimental sites for the meta-analysis

表1 亚组分析的分类标准

Table 1 Classification criteria for subgroup analysis

亚组类型	具体分类指标	分类梯度
绿肥品种	主要种植品种	箭筈豌豆、大豆、毛叶苕子
作物类型	主栽农作物	棉花、玉米、小麦
土壤类型	耕作层土壤类型	灰漠土、灌漠土、其他（灰钙土、灌淤土等）
试验年限	田间定位试验持续时间	<5 a、5~10 a、>10 a
年降水量	试验区域年均降水量	<60 mm、60~120 mm、120~180 mm、>180 mm
海拔	试验样点海拔	<500 m、500~1 000 m、1 000~1 500 m、>1 500 m
年平均气温	试验区域年平均气温	2~4 ℃、4~6 ℃、6~8 ℃、>8 ℃

图2 农田管理方式对土壤有机碳含量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of farmland management practices on SOC content

图3 试验涉及的绿肥品种占比及其对土壤有机碳的影响

Fig.3 Proportion of green manure species and their effects on SOC content

图4 不同作物种类、土壤类型及试验年限下绿肥种植方式对土壤有机碳的影响

Fig.4 Effects of green manure cropping practices on SOC content across different crop types， soil types， and experimental ages

图5 不同降水量、海拔、气温区间下绿肥种植方式对土壤有机碳的影响

Fig.5 Effects of green manure cropping practices on SOC content under different ranges of rainfall， altitude， and temperature

图6 不同作物种类、土壤类型及试验年限下耕作方式对土壤有机碳的影响

Fig.6 Effects of tillage practices on SOC content across different crop types， soil types， and experimental ages

图7 不同降水量、海拔、气温区间下耕作方式对土壤有机碳的影响

Fig.7 Effects of tillage practices on SOC content under different ranges of rainfall， altitude， and temperature

图8 不同作物种类、土壤类型及试验年限下施肥方式对土壤有机碳的影响

Fig.8 Effects of fertilization practices on SOC content across different crop types， soil types， and experimental ages

图9 不同降水量、海拔、气温区间下施肥方式对土壤有机碳的影响

Fig.9 Effects of fertilization practices on SOC content under different ranges of rainfall， altitude， and temperature

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